What term refers to the heat removal process when water turns into ice?

The term that refers to the heat removal process when water turns into ice is the latent heat of fusion. This process involves the transition from a liquid state (water) to a solid state (ice) while maintaining the same temperature. During this phase change, heat energy is released, allowing the water molecules to arrange themselves into a solid crystalline structure that forms ice.

Latent heat of fusion specifically applies to the heat absorbed or released during the melting and freezing processes. In the case of freezing, heat is removed from the liquid water, which is why it is categorized as "latent," meaning it is hidden within the material and does not result in a temperature change during the phase transition.

The other options, such as latent heat of evaporation, refer to the process and heat involved when water transforms from liquid to vapor, which is not relevant to freezing. Conduction and convection describe methods of heat transfer but do not pertain specifically to the phase change from liquid to solid.